Representing the UMLS® Semantic Network using OWL

(Or "What's in a Semantic Web Link?")

Vipul Kashyap

LHNCBC, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894

Alex Borgida

Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903

Abstract

The Semantic Network, a component of the Unified Medical Language System¨ (UMLS), describes core biomedical knowledge consisting of semantic types and relationships. It is a well established, semi-formal ontology in widespread use for over a decade. We expected to "publish" this ontology on the Semantic Web, using OWL, with relatively little effort. However, we ran into a number of problems concerning alternative interpretations of the SN notation and the inability to express some of the interpretations in OWL. We detail these problems, as a cautionary tale to others planning to publish pre-existing ontologies on the Semantic Web, as a list of issues to consider when describing formally concepts in any ontology, and as a collection of criteria for evaluating alternative representations, which could form part of a methodology of ontology development.